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Citizens United v. FEC

No. 08-205 SCOTUS · Decided Teaching/Historical SCOTUS
Argued: Feb 25, 2025 Decided: Jan 19, 2024
Court
U.S. Supreme Court
scotus
Argued
Feb 25, 2025
Decided
Jan 19, 2024
CL Status
terminated

Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 First Amendment political speech campaign spending limits strict scrutiny

Legal Issues

Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971First Amendment political speechcampaign spending limitsstrict scrutiny

The Law · How the Case Works

Overview

Overview

In 2010, the Supreme Court ruled that corporations and other legal entities, LLCs, PACs, nonprofits, have the same First Amendment right to political speech as individual people, which means the government cannot limit how much money they spend on elections. Bryan explains it through the lens of corporate personhood: corporations have long been treated as a legal 'person' for liability purposes, and Citizens United extended that personhood to constitutional rights. The practical result is unlimited corporate money flowing into elections as protected speech, which is why it comes up every cycle.

The Conclusion

Conclusion

Citizens United v. FEC established that corporate spending in elections constitutes protected First Amendment speech. The Court's extension of constitutional personhood to corporations eliminated restrictions on their political expenditures, fundamentally reshaping campaign finance law. The ruling's practical consequence, unlimited corporate money in elections, continues to define modern campaign finance.

Court -
Filed -
CL Statusterminated
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Cert Granted -
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Filed (CL) -
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SCOTUS TMR-28b164ca Jul 30, 2026

Related by Concept (1)

Cited By (6)

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  • Americans for Prosperity v. Bonta SCOTUS

    Americans for Prosperity v. Bonta challenges a California law requiring nonprofits to disclose their major donors to …

  • Federal Election Commission v. Ted Cruz for Senate SCOTUS

    The case concerns whether candidates can repay their personal loans with contributions made after an election.

  • Stanley v. City of Sanford, Florida SCOTUS

    A disabled firefighter challenges the City of Sanford's retirement benefits policy as discriminatory.

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