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Florida v. Georgia

No. 142-orig SCOTUS · Decided SCOTUS
Argued: Feb 22, 2021 Decided: Mar 31, 2021
📄 Read the Opinion


The Law · How the Case Works

Overview

Overview

Florida filed an original action in the Supreme Court alleging Georgia's water use from the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin violated a 1992 federal interstate water compact and harmed Florida's Apalachicola Bay oyster fishery. The Court, after receiving a Special Master's report, denied Florida's request for an equitable apportionment decree.

The Facts

Facts

Florida alleged that Georgia's consumption of water from the ACF River Basin -- primarily for municipal use in the Atlanta metropolitan area and agricultural irrigation -- reduced flows into Florida's Apalachicola Bay, damaging the oyster fishery. The dispute involved decades of failed tristate negotiations. A Special Master recommended against Florida.

The Issue

Issue

Whether Florida is entitled to an equitable apportionment of water from the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin to remedy harm to its Apalachicola Bay oyster industry caused by Georgia's upstream consumption.

The Rules

Rule

Equitable apportionment of interstate waters requires clear and convincing evidence of substantial harm caused by the upstream state's use; the burden is on the downstream state to prove both harm and that a court-ordered reduction would likely provide effective relief.

The Application

Analysis

Florida satisfied the first prong of the equitable apportionment standard by demonstrating that Georgia's upstream consumption of ACF Basin water caused substantial harm to the oyster fishery. However, Florida failed to satisfy the burden of proving that restricting Georgia's water use would provide effective relief, given that the oyster population's decline was attributable to multiple factors including overharvesting and mismanagement within Florida itself. Without clear evidence that a court-ordered reduction in Georgia's consumption would meaningfully restore Apalachicola Bay's oyster populations, Florida could not meet the stringent requirements for equitable apportionment.

The Conclusion

Conclusion

Court denied Florida's request. Florida could not show with sufficient certainty that restricting Georgia's water use would meaningfully restore Apalachicola Bay oyster populations, which had also suffered from overharvesting and mismanagement.

The Record · 1 original document
CourtSupreme Court of the United States
Filed -
CL Statusterminated

No circuit court data for this case.

Cert Granted -
Statusterminated
Filed (CL) -
SCOTUS TMR-0f0d33a3 Jul 25, 2026
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