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Executive Order 14257

Regulating Imports with a Reciprocal Tariff to Rectify Trade Practices that Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits

Signed 2025-04-02 permanently enjoined
TariffsTradeReciprocal Tariffs"Liberation Day"
Trade & TariffsEconomy & Finance Litigation

The "Liberation Day" tariff order. Imposes a worldwide system of "reciprocal" tariffs calculated based on each country's trade surplus with the United States. Uses IEEPA authority. The single most consequential trade order of the administration and the subject of the landmark Supreme Court decision striking down IEEPA tariffs. Status: Clear plaintiff win at the Supreme Court. One of the most significant rulings of the term and the most prominent Major Questions Doctrine application against the administration.

View on GovInfo (PDF) Federal Register

Section by Section

What each section does, and how they differ.

Sec. 1 Regulating Imports with a Reciprocal Tariff

Imposes reciprocal tariffs on all trading partners to rebalance global trade.

Sec. 2 Section 2

Policy to impose 10 percent ad valorem duty on all imports, with country-specific rates for enumerated partners.

Sec. 3 Section 3

Implements 10 percent baseline tariff effective April 5, 2025, with country-specific rates effective April 9, 2025.

Sec. 4 Section 4

Excludes certain articles (steel, aluminum, autos, critical minerals, energy) from tariffs based on existing agreements.

Sec. 5 Section 5

Authorizes tariff modifications based on partner retaliation, trade improvements, or manufacturing capacity concerns.

Sec. 6 Section 6

Delegates implementation authority to Commerce Secretary and USTR.

Sec. 7 Section 7

Standard boilerplate: preserves existing agency authority and creates no enforceable private rights.

Linked Court Cases (6)

V.O.S. Selections, Inc. v. Trump 25-1812

***V.O.S. Selections, Inc. v. Trump***, No. 25-cv-00066 (Ct. Int'l Trade) -- Five small businesses and 12 state AGs. CIT granted summary judgment May 28, 2025; Federal Circuit (en banc) affirmed.

Learning Resources Inc. v. Trump 1:25-cv-01248

***Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump***, No. 1:25-cv-01248 (D.D.C.) -- PI granted; transfer to CIT denied.

V.O.S. Selections, Inc. v. Donald Trump 1:25-cv-00066

V.O.S. Selections v. Trump

V.O.S. Selections, Inc. v. Donald Trump 1:25-cv-00066

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Learning Resources Inc. v. Trump 1:25-cv-01248

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V.O.S. Selections, Inc. v. Trump 25-1812

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Video Coverage (1)

090525 - Live - Hamilton Was a Villain V.O.S. Selections, Inc. v. Trump

Related Executive Orders

EO 14259 Amendment to Reciprocal Tariffs and Updated Duties as Applied to Low-Value Imports From the People's Republic of China EO 14266 Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates to Reflect Trading Partner Retaliation and Alignment EO 14289 Addressing Certain Tariffs on Imported Articles EO 14298 Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates to Reflect Discussions with the People's Republic of China EO 14309 Implementing the General Terms of the United States of America-United Kingdom Economic Prosperity Deal EO 14316 Extending the Modification of the Reciprocal Tariff Rates EO 14326 Further Modifying the Reciprocal Tariff Rates EO 14334 Further Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Ongoing Discussions With the People's Republic of China EO 14345 Implementing the United States-Japan Agreement EO 14346 Modifying the Scope of Reciprocal Tariffs and Establishing Procedures for Implementing Trade and Security Agreements EO 14358 Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates Consistent With the Economic and Trade Arrangement Between the United States and the People's Republic of China EO 14360 Modifying the Scope of the Reciprocal Tariffs With Respect to Certain Agricultural Products EO 14389 Ending Certain Tariff Actions

Same subject matter

EO 14407 Realigning United States Core Childhood Vaccine Recommendations With Best Practices From Peer, Developed Countries EO 14388 Continuing the Suspension of Duty-Free De Minimis Treatment for All Countries EO 14384 Modifying Duties to Address Threats to the United States by the Government of the Russian Federation EO 14361 Modifying the Scope of Tariffs on the Government of Brazil EO 14357 Modifying Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China EO 14325 Amendment to Duties to Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border

Litigation Summary

***V.O.S. Selections, Inc. v. Trump***, No. 25-cv-00066 (Ct. Int'l Trade) -- Five small businesses and 12 state AGs. CIT granted summary judgment May 28, 2025; Federal Circuit (en banc) affirmed.; ***Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump***, No. 1:25-cv-01248 (D.D.C.) -- PI granted; transfer to CIT denied.; ***Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump***, 607 U.S. ___ (Feb. 20, 2026) -- Consolidated Supreme Court decision. **6-3: IEEPA does not authorize the President to impose tariffs.** The Court did not reach the "unusual and extraordinary threat" question or the refund question.; ***Burlap and Barrel, Inc. v. Trump*** (Ct. Int'l Trade, filed Feb. 2026) -- Successor challenge under Section 122 after the IEEPA defeat. CIT ruled Section 122 also does not authorize the new tariffs.

April 2025